PHP - Manual: 注解概览

2024-11-22

注解概览

(PHP 8)

注解功能提供了代码中的声明部分都可以添加结构化、机器可读的元数据的能力，注解的目标可以是类、方法、函数、参数、属性、类常量。通过反射 API 可在运行时获取注解所定义的元数据。因此注解可以成为直接嵌入代码的配置式语言。

通过注解的使用，在应用中实现功能、使用功能可以相互解耦。某种程度上讲，它可以和接口（interface）与其实现（implementation）相比较。但接口与实现是代码相关的，注解则与声明额外信息和配置相关。接口可以通过类来实现，而注解也可以声明到方法、函数、参数、属性、类常量中。因此它们比接口更灵活。

注解使用的一个简单例子：将接口（interface）的可选方法改用注解实现。我们假设接口 ActionHandler 代表了应用的一个操作：部分 action handler 的实现需要 setup，部分不需要。我们可以使用注解，而不用要求所有类必须实现 ActionHandler 接口并实现 setUp() 方法。因此带来一个好处——可以多次使用注解。

示例 #1 用注解实现接口的可选方法


<?php
interface ActionHandler
{
    public function execute();
}

#[Attribute]
class SetUp {}

class CopyFile implements ActionHandler
{
    public string $fileName;
    public string $targetDirectory;

    #[SetUp]
    public function fileExists()
    {
        if (!file_exists($this->fileName)) {
            throw new RuntimeException("File does not exist");
        }
    }

    #[SetUp]
    public function targetDirectoryExists()
    {
        if (!file_exists($this->targetDirectory)) {
            mkdir($this->targetDirectory);
        } elseif (!is_dir($this->targetDirectory)) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Target directory $this->targetDirectory is not a directory");
        }
    }

    public function execute()
    {
        copy($this->fileName, $this->targetDirectory . '/' . basename($this->fileName));
    }
}

function executeAction(ActionHandler $actionHandler)
{
    $reflection = new ReflectionObject($actionHandler);

    foreach ($reflection->getMethods() as $method) {
        $attributes = $method->getAttributes(SetUp::class);

        if (count($attributes) > 0) {
            $methodName = $method->getName();

            $actionHandler->$methodName();
        }
    }

    $actionHandler->execute();
}

$copyAction = new CopyFile();
$copyAction->fileName = "/tmp/foo.jpg";
$copyAction->targetDirectory = "/home/user";

executeAction($copyAction);

add a note

User Contributed Notes 2 notes

down

Harshdeep ¶

3 months ago


While the example displays us what we can accomplish with attributes, it should be kept in mind that the main idea behind attributes is to attach static metadata to code (methods, properties, etc.). 

This metadata often includes concepts such as "markers" and "configuration". For example, you can write a serializer using reflection that only serializes marked properties (with optional configuration, such as field name in serialized file). This is reminiscent of serializers written for C# applications.

That said, full reflection and attributes go hand in hand. If your use case is satisfied by inheritance or interfaces, prefer that. The most common use case for attributes is when you have no prior information about the provided object/class.

<?php
interface JsonSerializable
{
    public function toJson() : array;
}
?>

versus, using attributes,
<?php

#[Attribute]
class JsonSerialize 
{
    public function __constructor(public ?string $fieldName = null) {}
}

class VersionedObject
{
   #[JsonSerialize]
    public const version = '0.0.1';
}

public class UserLandClass extends VersionedObject
{
    #[JsonSerialize('call it Jackson')]
    public string $myValue;
}

?>
The example above is a little extra convoluted with the existence of the VersionedObject class as I wished to display that with attribute mark ups, you do not need to care how the base class manages its attributes (no call to parent in overriden method).

down

-14

Justin ¶

3 months ago


Allowing multiple functions to be tagged with the same Attribute is promoting weird design patterns. Because now the order of the tagged functions within the class becomes relevant. The order of functions within a class should remain arbitrary.

It would be better to limit function tagging to one Attribute only. This would force people to implement one function per attribute, which can then call all the other functions they would otherwise tag with these Attribute's.

add a note

官方地址：https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.attributes.overview.php

有任何技术问题请点击这里网站运营推广招聘

IT PHP 编程语言 Linux 开发编程科技 Elasticsearch HTML/CSS/XML 网络 JAVA NoSQL 数据库面试 C/C++ Golang Git 算法操作系统正则表达式 Redis 互联网 MySql JavaScript 运维软件国际架构设计 Mac OS TCP/IP Excel Vim Windows Socket Oracle VR MongoDB Python 运营 MemCache 商业硬件电子娱乐设计 nginx 摄影游戏 WordPress HTTP 团建数码电器

php7 安装fileinfo扩展 preg_split — 通过一个正则表达式分隔字符串 php位值,解决 PHP 中 usort 在值相同时改变原始位置的问题 [PHP] inet_pton/inet_ntop IP地址转换函数 array_multisort() 多字段排序 PHPMailer设置utf8 PHPMailer字符集CharSet ADORecordSet对象 PHP 8.1 [鸟哥]PHP_INT_MIN 和 -9223372036854775808 adodb手册 opcache预加载 Composer的Packagist资源 mysql面试题 PHP7 mcrypt替代方案 Packagist / Composer 中国全量镜像 laravel框架查看sql语句方式 php中几种注释规范 php 修改图片大小 PHP获取指定函数定义在哪个文件中及行号 php设置cookie为httponly防止xss攻击

略微加速

PHP官方手册 - 互联网笔记

注解概览

User Contributed Notes 2 notes